Indo-Pacific Outlook 2025

Indo Pacific Outlook keystone
Photo by Dominic Kurniawan Suryaputra on Unsplash

Introduction

The Indo-Pacific stands at a critical juncture. Intensifying rivalries, rapid military modernization, and accelerating technological competition have placed the region at the centre of a transforming international order. While Europe grapples with Russia’s war in Ukraine and the United States unsettles multilateral institutions, it is in the Indo-Pacific that the future shape of the global order, particularly economic and technological, is being defined.

For Canada, this reality underscores the need to engage more deeply with the specific dynamics shaping the region. At such a time, it is more important than ever to hear directly from regional experts who can provide grounded perspectives on issues of critical importance. Their analyses identify concrete challenges and opportunities, offering insights into what Canada can do to strengthen its engagement with the Indo-Pacific, as well as how it can refine and build upon what it is already executing.

This report represents such a strategic reflection. It brings together eight contributions from our 2025 Indo-Pacific Regional Research Fellows, who provide timely analyses of fast-moving developments in security, economics, and technology across the region. As part of the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada’s Indo-Pacific Initiative programming, with funding provided by the Government of Canada, this fellowship program is designed to deepen partnerships and engagement between Canada and countries in the Indo-Pacific region, contribute to Canadian knowledge about the region, build trust, and support regional networks.

Together, these essays highlight both the opportunities and challenges that Canada must take into account as it advances its Indo-Pacific Strategy. They reflect a diversity of views within the region, drawing attention to areas where Canadian engagement is welcomed, areas where it can be strengthened, and areas where caution and adaptation are required. The Fellows also provide practical recommendations that can help inform Canada’s future approach to the Indo-Pacific.

Vina Nadjibulla: Canada’s Indo-Pacific Strategy at Three: Presence, Partnerships, and the Next Turn
Nanae Baldauff: The Case for an Elevated Canada–Japan Defence Partnership
Don McLain Gill: Canada’s Role in Supporting the Philippines’ External Defence Posture
Suon Choi: Connecting South Korea’s and Canada’s Indo-Pacific Strategies Through Defence and Security Cooperation
Tuvshinzaya Gantulga: Canada and Mongolia: A Past to Build On
Aries A. Arugay: Marcos at the Midpoint: Can He Secure a Legacy for the Philippines?
Yujen Kuo: Taiwan’s Responses to China’s Sabotage of Undersea Critical Infrastructure
Bart Édes: What’s Next for Canadian Development Assistance in the Indo-Pacific?